Journal: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

Article Title: Particulate Matter (PM 2.5 ) from Biomass Combustion Induces an Anti-Oxidative Response and Cancer Drug Resistance in Human Bronchial Epithelial BEAS-2B Cells

doi: 10.3390/ijerph17218193

Figure Lengend Snippet: PM 2.5 reduces doxorubicin resistance by a GSH-dependent mechanism. BEAS-2B cells were cultured in the presence of 100 µg/mL PM 2.5 for 3 to 5 weeks, before final passage and re-exposure to 100 µg/mL PM 2.5 for 48 h. BSO (200 µM) was added 1 h prior to the last PM 2.5 exposure, doxorubicin (1 µM) was added 24 h after the last addition of PM 2.5 . Cells that were never exposed to PM 2.5 served as controls. ( a ) Quantification of the intracellular doxorubicin content by flow cytometry. Mean fluorescence values (FL3) were compared to untreated cells (n = 3). ( b ) Detection of apoptosis by a caspase-3/7 activity assay (n = 3). ( c ) Detection of apoptosis by Annexin V staining and flow cytometry. A representative histogram is shown (n = 3). RLU: relative light units. Values are depicted as means and +standard deviations; * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: The morphology of BEAS-2B cells was examined by using a light microscope at × 200 magnification (Carl Zeiss Microscopy GmbH, Jena, Germany).

Techniques: Cell Culture, Flow Cytometry, Fluorescence, Activity Assay, Staining